The influence of the age-period-cohort effects on male suicide in Brazil from 1980 to 2019.

Suicide is a complex and multi-determined phenomenon. Higher rates are observed in men and are related to multiple risk factors, including mental disorders, financial crises, unemployment, and easy access to highly lethal means of perpetration, such as firearms. We studied the effects of age, period, and cohort (APC) on total and firearm-related suicides in men in Brazil and its major regions from 1980 to 2019. Death records were extracted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health's Mortality Information System. Estimable functions were used to estimate APC models, through the Epi library of the R statistical program, version 4.2.1. During the study period, Brazil had an average rate of 10.22 deaths per 100,000 men. Among regions, rates ranged from 8.62 (Northeast) to 16.93 (South). The same profile was observed in suicides by firearms. After estimating the APC models, we observed a temporal trend of increasing total suicides for Brazil and regions, except for the South region, where the trend was stationary. The trend was downward for firearm suicides for all locations. A positive gradient was observed in the mortality rate with advancing age for total suicides; and peak incidence between 20-29 years, with subsequent stabilization, for suicides perpetrated by firearms. There was a reduction in the risk of death for suicides perpetrated by firearms in relation to the reference period (1995-1999) for all locations, except in the North region, where the effect was not significant. The younger generations from the 1960s onwards had a higher risk of death from total suicide and a lower risk for those perpetrated by firearms in relation to the reference cohort (1950-1954). We observed a reduction in the mortality trend for suicides perpetrated by firearms, a reduction in the risk of death in the 2000s and for men born after 1960. Our results suggest reducing the risk of death from suicide by firearms in Brazil and regions. However, there is an upward trend in mortality from total suicides in the study period (1980-2019) and for younger cohorts.

Prevalência e fatores associados à violência no trabalho contra residentes multiprofissionais durante a pandemia / Prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against Brazilian multiprofessional residents during the pandemic

RESUMO Estudo transversal cujo objetivo foi identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência no trabalho (física e/ou verbal) contra residentes multiprofissionais que atuam em um hospital universitário durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Foi desenvolvido um censo, em julho de 2020, com 67 residentes. Dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico, avaliando-se a violência física e verbal mediante autorrelato. Associações entre a ocorrência de violência vivida durante a pandemia e as variáveis independentes (sociodemográficas, psicoemocionais e atendimento ao paciente com Covid-19) foram analisadas mediante testes estatísticos e Regressão de Poisson (RP) com variância robusta. A prevalência de violência foi de 22,4%. Diferenças entre grupos foram observadas ao comparar as ocupações e o grau de satisfação com a residência, com maior proporção de fisioterapeutas e assistentes sociais, assim como de residentes insatisfeitos entre os que relataram violência (p≤0,005). Após análise de regressão, a violência esteve associada ao aumento da idade (RP=1,25; IC95% 1,12-1,40) e a níveis de ansiedade moderados/graves (RP =2,87; IC 95% 1,12-1,40). Os achados apontam para a necessidade de implementação de medidas institucionais de prevenção e controle da violência no trabalho, considerando os fatores associados durante a pandemia.

ABSTRACT Cross-sectional study which objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence (physical and/or verbal) against multiprofessional residents working at a Brazilian university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. A census was developed in July 2020 with 67 residents. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, evaluating physical and verbal violence through self-report. Associations between the occurrence of violence experienced during the pandemic and independent variables (sociodemographic, psycho-emotional, and patient care with COVID-19) were analyzed using statistical tests and Poisson Regression (PR) with robust variance. Differences between groups were observed when comparing occupations and the degree of satisfaction with the residence, with a higher proportion of physical therapists and social workers, as well as dissatisfied residents among those who reported violence (p≤0.005). After regression analysis, violence was associated with increase in age (PR=1.25; 95%CI 1.12-1.40) and moderate/severe anxiety levels (RP=2.87; 95%CI 1.12-1.40). The findings point to the need to implement institutional measures for the prevention and control of workplace violence considering the factors associated with it during the pandemic.

Crises contemporâneas: retrocessos sociais, políticas de saúde e desafios democráticos / Contemporary crisis: social regressions, health policies, and democratic challenges

Resumo No contexto da globalização, é recorrente a menção às crises contemporâneas da democracia, da ciência, econômico-sociais, sanitárias e ambientais. No Brasil, essas crises se agravam em função da estrutura histórico-social que carrega profundos problemas não resolvidos, bem como em função de governos que têm desgastado as instituições nacionais que foram arduamente reconstruídas no processo de redemocratização do país. Neste editorial, refletimos sobre o contexto de crise nacional experimentado no Brasil nos últimos anos, situando retrocessos sociais resultantes de políticas neoliberais e conservadoras levadas à cabo pelos últimos dois mandatários do governo federal, e posicionando alguns desafios a serem enfrentados pelo país, a partir de um movimento de retomada da democracia.

Abstract In the context of globalization, mentioning contemporary democracy, science, social-economic, sanitary, and environmental crises is recurrent. In Brazil, these crises have worsened due to historical-cultural structures that carry deep unresolved problems and due to governments that have worn down the national institutions that were reconstructed with hard work during its re-democratization process. In this editorial, we reflect on the national crisis context experienced in Brazil in the last years, situating social regressions resulting from neoliberal and conservative policies carried out by the last two heads of the federal government and placing some challenges to be faced by the country beginning by a movement to retrieve democracy.

Barreiras à implementação da educação interprofissional: uma análise do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) / Implementation barriers to interprofessional education: an analysis of the Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde Program (PET-Saúde)

Resumo Este estudo analisa as barreiras para a implementação da educação interprofissional de cursos de graduação em saúde do estado do Rio de Janeiro participantes do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde). Foi conduzido um estudo de caso exploratório e qualitativo, com 32 participantes do PET-Saúde, que busca promover mudanças curriculares nos cursos da saúde. Dados foram coletados em 2020 mediante entrevistas individuais e submetidos à análise temática. Foram identificadas barreiras sociopolíticas, institucionais e relacionais. As sociopolíticas incluem o sucateamento do sistema público de saúde e a violência nos territórios de atuação das equipes de atenção primária, enquanto as institucionais incluem a rigidez curricular, a rotatividade dos gestores universitários e a incipiência dos processos de avaliação das experiências inovadoras de ensino. Na dimensão relacional, o elemento central é a força dos silos profissionais e das relações de hierarquia e poder entre os diferentes profissionais de saúde. A superação dessas barreiras implica a mobilização de políticas públicas intersetoriais, maior integração entre os sistemas profissionais, de saúde e de educação, e o reconhecimento de que a educação interprofissional é uma rota potencial para melhorar a saúde da população, reduzir os custos da assistência e garantir satisfação e segurança aos profissionais.

Abstract This study analyzes the barriers undergraduate health courses participating in the Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde), in Rio de Janeiro, face to implement interprofessional education. An exploratory and qualitative case study was conducted with 32 participants from PET-Saúde, a program that promotes curricular changes in undergraduate health courses. Data were collected in 2020 by means of individual interviews. Thematic analysis of the data identified sociopolitical, institutional, and relational barriers. Degradation of the health system and the regional violence hindering healthcare activities were the main sociopolitical barriers. In turn, institutional barriers included curriculum rigidity, university administrator turnover, and lack of evaluation methods for innovative interprofessional education. As for relational barriers, professional silos hindering collaborative efforts, top-down power hierarchies resistant to feedback, and unsatisfactory communications among stakeholders were the main complaints. Overcoming these barriers requires intersectoral public policies, greater integration among professionals, healthcare, and education systems, and recognizing that interprofessional education can improve public health, reduce healthcare costs, and ensure professional satisfaction and work safety.

A gestão da pandemia de covid-19 e as suas repercussões para o gestor do SUS / The management of the COVID-19 pandemic and its repercussions for the SUS manager

Resumo Este artigo discute os desafios enfrentados pelos gestores estaduais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 e as consequências produzidas em suas vidas pessoais. A partir de entrevistas com gestores estaduais, tornou-se evidente que a pandemia demandou o replanejamento das ações e serviços de saúde, a estruturação de novos serviços e leitos hospitalares, o uso de telemedicina e a contratação e capacitação de profissionais. Também emergiu a ausência de políticas integradas e de uma coordenação nacional, que levou à adoção de diferentes estratégias por parte dos estados. Estes fatores, assim como a politização da pandemia, a negação da doença e a tentativa do governo federal de impor tratamentos ineficazes para a covid-19 foram consideradas entre as maiores dificuldades vivenciadas pelos gestores. Fazer a gestão do SUS se tornou um exercício de risco, com repercussões deletérias não apenas para si e para a sua gestão, mas também para suas famílias e amigos. Se, por um lado, o contexto extenuante afetou a saúde física e mental dos gestores, que passaram a lidar com excesso de peso, ansiedade e angústia, de outro, foi fonte de motivação por catalisar solidariedade, empatia e o compartilhamento entre os atores políticos.

Abstract This article discusses the challenges faced by the state managers of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences for their personal lives. From interviews with state managers, it became evident that the pandemic implied the replanning of health actions and services, the structuring of new hospital services and beds, the use of telemedicine, and the hiring and training of professionals. It also exposed the lack of integrated policies and national coordination, which led to states adopting different strategies. These factors, as well as the politicization of the pandemic, the denial of the disease, and the attempt of the federal government to impose ineffective treatments for COVID-19 were considered among the greatest difficulties experienced by managers. Managing the SUS became a risky exercise, with deleterious repercussions not only for themselves and their management, but also for their families and friends. If, on the one hand, the strenuous context affected the managers' physical and mental health, who began dealing with overweight, anxiety, and anguish, on the other hand, it was a source of motivation for catalyzing solidarity, empathy, and sharing among political actors.

Inequalities in Temporal Effects on Cervical Cancer Mortality in States in Different Geographic Regions of Brazil: An Ecological Study.

Cervical cancer is a public health issue with high disease burden and mortality in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were, firstly, to analyze age, period, and cohort effects on cervical cancer mortality in women 20 years old or older from 1980 to 2019 in the North, South, and Southeast Regions of Brazil; and secondly, to evaluate whether the implementation of a national screening program and the expansion of access to public health services impacted the examined period and reduced the risk of death compared with previous years and among younger cohorts. The effects were estimated by applying Poisson regression models with estimable functions. The highest mortality rate per 100,000 women was found in Amazonas (24.13), and the lowest in São Paulo (10.56). A positive gradient was obtained for death rates as women's age increased. The states in the most developed regions (South and Southeast) showed a reduction in the risk of death in the period that followed the implementation of the screening program and in the cohort from the 1960s onwards. The North Region showed a decreased risk of death only in Amapá (2000-2004) and Tocantins (1995-2004; 2010-2019). The findings indicate that health inequities remain in Brazil and suggest that the health system has limitations in terms of decreasing mortality associated with this type of cancer in regions of lower socioeconomic development.

Distress in the context of cancer and chemotherapy: A mixed-method study.

BACKGROUND: There are controversial results about the effects of cancer and chemotherapy on the perception of distress. AIMS: The purpose to the study is to explore the meaning of the distress experienced by patients with cancer and verify whether the cancer diagnosis, stage and receiving chemotherapy influence this experience. DESIGN: This is a mixed-methods study with cancer patients. METHODS: Data were collected in 2018 using a phenomenological interview (n = 18) and one suffering inventory (n = 100). Qualitative analysis was performed using the empirical-comprehensive model and quantitative using statistical tests. The results were triangulated. RESULTS: Distress originated from difficulties faced in health services, diagnosis confirmation, beginning treatment and interruption of life projects. Patients mobilized resources in the spiritual dimension that allowed them to redefine their distress positively. Chemotherapy brought hope back and promoted healing expectations. Higher average scores for distress were found in patients with advanced stage and receiving palliative chemotherapy. Not having begun chemotherapy and having head and neck cancer were associated with higher average scores for distress. CONCLUSION: Distress was greater among patients who had not yet begun chemotherapy; nearness of death and difficulty talking about feelings caused distress; distress was redefined by mobilization of spiritual resources.

Inserção de profissionais de educação física no sistema único de saúde: história, avanços e desafios / Inserción de profesionales de educación física en el sistema único de salud: historia, avances y desafíos / Insertion of physical education professionals in the unified health system: history, advances and challenges

Este ensaio explora a configuração histórica da Educação Física (EF), destacando as suas aproximações e distanciamentos com a saúde pública, e discute os aspectos críticos da incorporação do profissional de EF no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Inicialmente configurada como componente escolar, a EF expandiu seu campo de atuação para o Esporte/Lazer e, mais tardiamente, para a Saúde, quando as práticas corporais/atividades físicas (PC/AF) foram incorporadas por políticas públicas de saúde. Numericamente insuficientes no SUS, os profissionais de EF são formados a partir de um modelo ancorado em discursos preventistas e comportamentalistas, que desconsideram a determinação social dos processos saúde-doença. O núcleo da EF precisa transcender a prática baseada na prescrição de PC/AF sob o pretexto único de aumento do gasto energético para a prevenção e controle de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, e os processos de formação precisam ser direcionados para a compreensão da saúde enquanto direito.(AU)

Este ensayo explora la configuración histórica de la Educación Física (EF), destacando sus proximidades y distancias con la salud pública y discute los aspectos críticos de la incorporación del profesional de EF en el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Configurada inicialmente como componente escolar, la EF amplió su campo de acción al Deporte/Ocio y, posteriormente, a la Salud, cuando las prácticas corporales/actividades físicas (PC/AF) fueron incorporadas a las políticas públicas de salud. Numéricamente insuficientes en el SUS, los profesionales son formados a partir de un modelo anclado en discursos preventivos y conductistas, que no consideran la determinación social de los procesos salud-enfermedad. La EF necesita trascender la práctica basada en la prescripción de PC/AF bajo el pretexto único de aumentar el gasto energético para la prevención y control de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, y los procesos de formación deben orientarse hacia la comprensión de la salud como derecho.(AU)

This essay explores the historical configuration of Physical Education (PE), highlighting its approaches and distances with public health, and discusses the critical aspects of the incorporation of PE professionals in the context of the Unified Health System (UHS). Initially configured as a school component, the PE expanded its field of action to Sports/Leisure and, later, to Health, when body practices/physical activities (BP/PA) were incorporated by public health policies. Numerically insufficient in the UHS, PE professionals are trained based on a model that is anchored in preventive and behaviorist discourses, which disregard the social determination of health-disease processes. The core of PE needs to transcend the practice based on BP/PA prescription under the sole pretext of increasing energy expenditure for the prevention and control of chronic non-communicable diseases, and the training processes need to be directed towards the understanding of health as a right.(AU)

PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade e o desenvolvimento de mudanças curriculares e práticas colaborativas / PET-Saúde/Interprofessionality and the development of curricular changes and collaborative practices

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou analisar as mudanças na formação induzidas pelo Programa Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde), edição Interprofissionalidade, e identificar se os pressupostos da Educação Interprofissional (EIP) e das práticas colaborativas foram aplicados no desenvolvimento dos projetos. Trata-se de estudo de caso qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entrevistas abertas foram realizadas com 32 atores do programa, cujos conteúdos foram analisados à luz do referencial teórico-metodológico da EIP. Três categorias foram produzidas: O PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade como dinâmica construtiva de práticas colaborativas; A interprofissionalidade como fundamento de estruturação de currículos e práticas pedagógicas; Os mecanismos de avaliação do PET-Saúde/Interprofissionalidade. A edição Interprofissionalidade deflagrou experiências assertivas mediante aplicação dos pressupostos da EIP e práticas colaborativas, resultando em indução de reformas curriculares e criação de disciplinas interprofissionais; porém, ainda não representa uma política incorporada pelas instituições de ensino. Atenção especial deve ser dada aos processos avaliativos, ainda muito incipientes, e à sustentabilidade dos avanços alcançados, que requer apoio político e institucional. Conclui-se que o PET-Saúde tem contribuído progressivamente para as transformações no ensino e para a disseminação dos conceitos e pressupostos que orientam a EIP.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the changes in training induced by the Education through Work for Health Program (PET-Saúde), Interprofessionality edition, and to identify whether the assumptions of Interprofessional Education (IPE) and collaborative practices are being applied in the development of projects. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory case study, developed in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Open interviews were carried out with 32 actors working in the program, whose contents were analyzed in the light of the theoretical-methodological framework of IPE. Three categories were produced: PET-Saúde/Interprofessionality as a constructive dynamics of collaborative practices; Interprofessionality as a foundation for structuring curricula and pedagogical practices; The evaluation mechanisms of PETSaúde/Interprofessionality. The Interprofessionality edition triggered assertive experiences from the application of the assumptions of IPE and collaborative practices, such as induction of curricular reforms and the creation of interprofessional disciplines; however, it still does not represent a policy incorporated by teaching institutions. Special attention must be given to the evaluation processes, which are very incipient, and to the sustainability of the advances achieved, which require political and institutional support. PET-Saúde has progressively contributed to changes in teaching and to the dissemination of concepts and assumptions that guide IPE.

Distress and Spiritual Well-Being in Brazilian Patients Initiating Chemotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Social distancing and the priority given to COVID-19 patients in health services, which caused postponement of appointments and cancer treatment, may have triggered unprecedented levels of distress in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of distress and the levels of spiritual well-being of people initiating chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying the factors associated with distress, and determining if there is a relationship between distress and spiritual well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 Brazilians. Data were collected by applying the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Distress Thermometer and Problem List for Patients. The prevalence of distress was 59.5%, and the average score of spiritual well-being was 106.54 (±9.06). Emotional issues were the most reported by patients with distress. The Poisson regression showed that male sex (PR = 0.588; 95% CI 0.392-0.881), age (PR = 0.985; 95% CI 0.973-0.996), and spiritual well-being score were predictors of distress (PR = 0.971; 95% CI 0.946-0.996). These findings indicate that distress relief involves implementation of public health programs capable of integrating spiritual interventions into cancer care.

Situational analysis and reflections on the introduction of advanced practice nurses in Brazilian primary healthcare.

BACKGROUND: The shortage of doctors and their unequal distribution serve as challenges to advancing primary healthcare (PHC) and achieving effective universal healthcare coverage in Brazil. In an effort to use nurses' potential more efficiently, the country is investigating the introduction of the advanced practice nurse (APN) into PHC. This paper presents a situational analysis of the practices of Brazilian nurses based on the following components: regulation, practice, and education. METHODS: This is a national multi-method study with triangulated data from a documentary study, a scoping review, and an exploratory study. The regulation component involved the analysis of official normative documents on the regulation of nursing education and nurses' scope of practice. The practice component aimed to identify the practices performed by nurses in Brazilian PHC based on primary studies. The education component intended to identify the practices taught in nursing training based on a survey and interviews with directors of undergraduate nursing programs. RESULTS: Federal legislation in Brazil authorizes nursing graduates to perform a set of advanced practices as part of the PHC nurse's daily routine. They can request and interpret complementary tests and prescribe medication. However, in the local context, municipalities define the scope of this assistance based on technical norms or nursing protocols. Furthermore, this study indicates that undergraduate nursing programs do not fully prepare students to adequately execute these tasks. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of Brazilian PHC, advanced practices have already been implemented and respond to main healthcare demands. Therefore, it is unnecessary to introduce the APN as a new professional category. Upon detecting deficiencies in the training process, the current education model should undergo reforms that seek to incorporate the skills compatible with the regulated advanced practices and in-service training for practicing nurses. Regarding the introduction of APN along international lines, this article presents recommendations that may support the operationalization of a Brazilian APN model.

Suffering experiences of people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: A meta-ethnographic study.

This meta-ethnography had the objectives of identifying, evaluating, and summarizing the findings of qualitative studies regarding the suffering experiences of people undergoing chemotherapy, as well as developing an explanatory conceptual structure regarding what affects these experiences. A systematic literature review was carried out, covering the past 10 years, in the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, Medline, LILACS and Scopus. By using meta-ethnographic synthesis methods, the following themes were found: the pain of loss; evaluating, measuring, and neutralizing the threat; and social contours of suffering. The experience of living with cancer and undergoing chemotherapy was synthesized into a theoretical-explanatory model with a structure that resembles barbed-wire loops. The model expresses people's suffering experiences as marked by the feeling of loss, restraint of emotions, and resilience. While transcendent movements broke the cycle of suffering, resilience emerged as a learning experience that made patients more resistant to the pain of loss. The results indicated a complex and diverse set of factors that influence suffering, which confirmed that experiences are individual, comprehensive, and continuously reinterpreted.

Suffering among patients with cancer undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy: a phenomenological approach / Sufrimiento de pacientes con cáncer en quimioterapia neurotóxica: un abordaje fenomenológico / Sofrimento de pacientes com câncer em quimioterapia neurotóxica: uma abordagem fenomenológica

ABSTRACT Objective: reveal experiences of cancer patients undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy. Method: phenomenology-based, qualitative study, carried out with nine adult patients in antineoplastic neurotoxic treatment, interviewed in June and July 2018. The testimonies were analyzed using an empirical comprehensive model. Results: the following categories were delineated: nerves on edge: perception of limitations caused by neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapy; chemotherapy drains me of energy; the suffering of starting again; the suffering of enduring it; alone in a desert, I heard the cry of my silence; chemotherapy: an infusion of hope; and there is no suffering on earth that heaven cannot heal. Conclusion: the study presented various meanings of suffering that emerge from experiences with neurotoxic treatment and found that many dimensions of suffering interpenetrate, making it impossible to disassociate them.

RESUMEN Objetivo: revelar experiencias de pacientes con cáncer que se sometieron a terapia con quimioterápicos neurotóxicos. Método: Estudio cualitativo fundamentado en la fenomenología, realizado con nueve pacientes adultos tratados con antineoplásicos neurotóxicos, entrevistados entre junio y julio de 2018. Los testimonios fueron analizados según el modelo empírico-comprensivo. Resultados: se determinaron las categorías: Con los nervios a flor de piel -percepción de limitaciones provocadas por el dolor neuropático inducido por la quimioterapia-, La quimioterapia que acaba con mi energía; El sufrimiento de recomenzar; El sufrimiento de soportar; Solo, en un desierto, oí el grito de mi silencio; Quimioterapia -una infusión de esperanza-; y No hay sufrimiento en la tierra que el cielo no pueda curar. Conclusión: el estudio presentó varios significados de sufrimiento que surgen de la experiencia con el tratamiento neurotóxico, manifestando que muchas de las dimensiones del sufrimiento se entrecruzan, siendo imposible disociarlas.

RESUMO Objetivo: desvelar experiências de pacientes com câncer que se submeteram à terapia com quimioterápicos neurotóxicos. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na fenomenologia, realizado com nove pacientes adultos em tratamento com antineoplásicos neurotóxicos, entrevistados em junho e julho de 2018. Os depoimentos foram analisados segundo o modelo empírico-compreensivo. Resultados: foram reveladas as categorias: com os nervos à flor da pele - percepção das limitações provocadas pela dor neuropática induzida pela quimioterapia; a quimioterapia que acaba com a minha energia; o sofrimento de recomeçar; o sofrimento de suportar; sozinho, em um deserto, ouvi o grito do meu silêncio; quimioterapia - uma infusão de esperança; e, não há sofrimentos na terra que o céu não possa curar. Conclusão: o estudo apresentou vários significados de sofrimento que emergem da experiência com o tratamento neurotóxico, relatando que muitas das dimensões do sofrimento interpenetram-se, sendo impossível dissociá-las.

Distress and the religious and spiritual coping of Brazilians living with cancer: A cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between the subjective experience of distress and the use of religious and/or spiritual coping by adult chemotherapy patients. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2018, with 100 patients undergoing chemotherapy. The data were collected through three tools: a characterization form, the Inventory of Subjective Distress Experiences in Illness, and the Brief Religious/Spiritual Coping Scale. The analysis was based on descriptive and inferential statistics, using the Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05), ANOVA, the Kruskall-Wallis test, and negative binomial regression. RESULTS: A low level of overall, physical, existential, psychological and sociorelational distress was observed. The dimension of positive distress experiences, however, was above the intermediate level in the scale. With respect to coping, use of positive and negative facets was moderate and low, respectively. Very weak positive correlations were noted between negative coping and physical, existential, and overall distress. The regression analysis indicated a higher risk of distress with increasing age and greater negative religious coping. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, higher means were found in the dimension of positive distress experiences; negative coping, although utilized less, had greater potential to exacerbate distress after adjustment for age, in contrast to that expected for positive coping, which did not manifest significant effects in alleviating it.

Nursing process for a patient with needle phobia: a case study.

OBJECTIVES: to report a clinical case of needle phobia which culminated in cardiac arrest and describe the outcome of a care plan based on fear and anxiety diagnoses, using the Roy adaptation model as the framework. METHODS: case study conducted in a chemotherapy outpatient unit in Rio de Janeiro. Care was guided by the nursing process and the use of instruments to assess the venous network, anxiety and fear. RESULTS: the Roy adaptation model enabled proposing nursing interventions that allowed the study subject to adapt to the external and internal stimuli triggered by vasovagal syndrome. The instruments indicated the choice of an adequate semi-implanted venous access device and led to improved levels of anxiety and fear. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: after carrying out the nursing activities, anxiety was reduced, and the patient achieved greater control over fear.

A formação de enfermeiros e sua aproximação com os pressupostos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e da Atenção Básica / Nursing training and their approximation to the assumptions of the National Curriculum Guidelines and Primary Health Care

Resumo Este artigo descreve as características da oferta de vagas, da estrutura curricular e do perfil de competências de egressos de cursos de graduação em enfermagem, buscando identificar elementos que se aproximam com os pressupostos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) e da atuação profissional do enfermeiro na atenção básica. Aplicando-se um survey por entrevistas telefônicas assistidas por computador com 94 coordenadores de cursos, verificou-se: oferta de formação distante das necessidades nacionais; estrutura curricular centrada em disciplinas fragmentadas nos ciclos básico e profissionalizante, destoando do recomendado pelas DCN; e perfil de competências potente para o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção, prevenção, gerenciamento e técnicas de enfermagem, as quais são previstas no escopo de competências e habilidades gerais preconizadas para o exercício profissional generalista da enfermagem, segundo as DCN, e compatíveis com as principais demandas assistenciais da atenção básica.

Abstract This article describes the characteristics of offer for job vacancies, curricular structure and competency profile of students from nursing undergraduate courses, seeking to identify elements that are in line with the assumptions of the National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) and of the nurses' work in primary health care. Applying a computer-assisted survey by telephone interviews with 94 course coordinators, it was verified: provision of job vacancies distant from the national needs; curricular structure focused on fragmented disciplines in the basic and vocational cycles, in disagreement with recommendations by the NCG; and competency profile potent for the development of actions of promotion, prevention, management and nursing techniques, which are predicted in the scope of general skills and abilities recommended for the exercise of the generalist professional nursing practice, according to the NCG, and compatible with the main demands of primary health care.

Nursing training and their approximation to the assumptions of the National Curriculum Guidelines and Primary Health Care. / A formação de enfermeiros e sua aproximação com os pressupostos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e da Atenção Básica.

This article describes the characteristics of offer for job vacancies, curricular structure and competency profile of students from nursing undergraduate courses, seeking to identify elements that are in line with the assumptions of the National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) and of the nurses' work in primary health care. Applying a computer-assisted survey by telephone interviews with 94 course coordinators, it was verified: provision of job vacancies distant from the national needs; curricular structure focused on fragmented disciplines in the basic and vocational cycles, in disagreement with recommendations by the NCG; and competency profile potent for the development of actions of promotion, prevention, management and nursing techniques, which are predicted in the scope of general skills and abilities recommended for the exercise of the generalist professional nursing practice, according to the NCG, and compatible with the main demands of primary health care.

Este artigo descreve as características da oferta de vagas, da estrutura curricular e do perfil de competências de egressos de cursos de graduação em enfermagem, buscando identificar elementos que se aproximam com os pressupostos das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) e da atuação profissional do enfermeiro na atenção básica. Aplicando-se um survey por entrevistas telefônicas assistidas por computador com 94 coordenadores de cursos, verificou-se: oferta de formação distante das necessidades nacionais; estrutura curricular centrada em disciplinas fragmentadas nos ciclos básico e profissionalizante, destoando do recomendado pelas DCN; e perfil de competências potente para o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção, prevenção, gerenciamento e técnicas de enfermagem, as quais são previstas no escopo de competências e habilidades gerais preconizadas para o exercício profissional generalista da enfermagem, segundo as DCN, e compatíveis com as principais demandas assistenciais da atenção básica.

Nursing process for a patient with needle phobia: a case study / Proceso de enfermería para paciente con fobia a las agujas: estudio de caso / Processo de enfermagem para paciente com fobia de agulha: estudo de caso

ABSTRACT Objectives: to report a clinical case of needle phobia which culminated in cardiac arrest and describe the outcome of a care plan based on fear and anxiety diagnoses, using the Roy adaptation model as the framework. Methods: case study conducted in a chemotherapy outpatient unit in Rio de Janeiro. Care was guided by the nursing process and the use of instruments to assess the venous network, anxiety and fear. Results: the Roy adaptation model enabled proposing nursing interventions that allowed the study subject to adapt to the external and internal stimuli triggered by vasovagal syndrome. The instruments indicated the choice of an adequate semi-implanted venous access device and led to improved levels of anxiety and fear. Final Considerations: after carrying out the nursing activities, anxiety was reduced, and the patient achieved greater control over fear.

RESUMEN Objetivos: informar sobre un caso clínico de fobia a las agujas derivado en paro cardiorrespiratorio, describir los resultados de un plan de atención orientado a diagnósticos de miedo y ansiedad, sobre referencial del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy. Métodos: estudio de caso observado en ambulatorio de quimioterapia de Rio de Janeiro. El trabajo profesional estuvo orientado por el proceso de enfermería, respaldado por utilización de instrumentos evaluadores de la red venosa, ansiedad y miedo. Resultados: el Modelo de Adaptación de Roy ofreció la propuesta de intervenciones de enfermería que le faciliten al sujeto estudiado adaptación a los estímulos externos e internos disparadores del síncope vasovagal. Los instrumentos indicaron que el catéter semiimplantado es el dispositivo de acceso venoso más adecuado, resultando en mejoras de los niveles de ansiedad y miedo. Consideraciones Finales: una vez realizadas las actividades de enfermería, la ansiedad disminuyó y el paciente obtuvo mayor autocontrol del miedo.

RESUMO Objetivos: reportar um caso clínico de fobia de agulha que culminou em parada cardiorrespiratória e descrever os resultados de um plano assistencial voltado aos diagnósticos de medo e ansiedade, tendo como referencial o Modelo de Adaptação de Roy. Métodos: estudo de caso, desenvolvido em ambulatório de quimioterapia do Rio de Janeiro. A atuação profissional foi orientada pelo processo de enfermagem e subsidiada pelo uso de instrumentos de avaliação da rede venosa, ansiedade e medo. Resultados: o Modelo de Adaptação de Roy facultou a proposição de intervenções de enfermagem que permitiram ao sujeito do estudo uma adaptação aos estímulos externos e internos desencadeadores de síndrome vasovagal. Os instrumentos indicaram a escolha de um cateter semi-implantado como dispositivo de acesso venoso adequado que resultou na melhora dos níveis de ansiedade e medo. Considerações Finais: após o desenvolvimento das atividades de enfermagem, a ansiedade diminuiu e o paciente obteve maior autocontrole do medo.

Educação interprofissional e as ações formativas do eixo do provimento emergencial do Programa Mais Médicos / Interprofessional education and the formative actions of the emergency provision axis of the More Doctors Program

RESUMO Este artigo objetivou identificar se as ações formativas do eixo do provimento emergencial do Programa Mais Médicos se apoiam em elementos teórico-metodológicos da educação interprofissional, na perspectiva dos participantes do programa. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, desenvolvido em 2016, em Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas individuais (n=30) e nove grupos focais (n=52) com participantes do programa, e tratados por análise de conteúdo, que produziu três categorias: Os pressupostos da educação interprofissional enunciados nos ciclos formativos do Programa Mais Médicos; As mudanças no processo de trabalho em equipe, na perspectiva dos elementos da educação interprofissional, desencadeadas pelos ciclos formativos; e Dificuldades para a abordagem da educação interprofissional nos ciclos formativos. Entre os elementos enunciados nos processos formativos, estão o aprendizado sobre o papel de cada profissão, o compartilhamento de experiências e a centralidade do cuidado no paciente. Por outra via, o preceito fundamental da educação interprofissional de aprendizado entre duas ou mais profissões não é aplicado sistematicamente. O Mais Médicos se constitui política propícia para o fortalecimento da interprofissionalidade, especialmente porque sua proposta se assenta na lógica da educação permanente, que demanda o estabelecimento de uma relação de mútua influência entre a educação e o trabalho em saúde.

ABSTRACT This article aimed to identify if the formative actions of the axis the emergency provision of the More Doctors Program are based on theoretical and methodological elements of interprofessional education from the perspective of the participants of the program. It is an exploratory study, developed in 2016, in Brazil. Data were collected through individual interviews (n=30) and nine focus groups (n=52), and treated by content analysis, which produced three categories: Assumptions of interprofessional education set forth in the formative cycles of the More Doctors; Changes in the process of teamwork, from the perspective of the elements of interprofessional education, triggered by the formative cycles; Difficulties for the approach of interprofessional education in the formative cycles. Among the elements enunciated in the formative processes are the learning about the role of each profession, the sharing of experiences, and the centrality of care in the patient. However, the fundamental precept of interprofessional education of learning between two or more professions is not applied. The More Doctors constitutes a propitious policy for the strengthening of interprofessionality, because its proposal is based on the logic of permanent education, which demands the establishment of a relationship of mutual influence between education and work in health.